Development and validation of a mathematical model for the moving grate
DOI: 10.1016/0301-7516(79)90031-0 Corpus ID: 98573752; Development and validation of a mathematical model for the moving grate induration of iron ore pellets @article{Thurlby1979DevelopmentAV, title={Development and validation of a mathematical model for the moving grate induration of iron ore pellets}, author={J. A. Thurlby and …
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An integrated optimal control model for the drying and …
The drying and preheating process plays a crucial role in the induration of iron ore pellets. It is conducted on a closed, moving bed in both the straight grate and …
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Optimization of Pellet Plant Straight Grate Induration …
pellets [6]. In the straight grate induration process, the green pel-lets are subjected to different zones like drying, preheat-ing, firing, and cooling. In general, the high alumina pel-lets are associated with high LOI. The presence of high LOI in the final concentrate deteriorates the quality of the pellets [7].
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A dynamic mathematical model of the complete grate/kiln iron–ore pellet …
Induration (drying and hardening) of iron ore pellets is an energy-intensive feed preparation step for both the blast furnace and direct reduction routes to iron. It is commonly carried out by a 'grate/kiln' process. A mathematical model of the process is described, in which mechanistic models of the grate furnace, kiln, and cooler are linked …
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Optimization of Induration Cycle for Magnetite Concentrate …
Production of iron oxide pellets from iron ore fines involves several steps from drying to induration . The schematic diagram of the straight grate induration process is shown in Fig. 1. The corresponding operating parameters of the induration machine and pellet properties are shown in Table 1.
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IRON ORE PELLETIZING PROCESS
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the straight grate induration process /straight grate pelletizing process (Mourão et al., 2013).
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Schematic diagram of the straight grate induration process [29].
In an iron ore pelletization plant, pellets are produced inside a rotating disc pelletizer. Online pellet size distribution is an important performance indicator of the pelletization process.
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Mathematical model for a straight grate iron ore pellet …
Two types of systems are usually used for induration of the iron-ore pellets: (a) straight-grate and (b) grate-kiln process. A hearth layer of fired pellets is used in …
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Rigorous modeling of the Traveling Grate stage in the iron …
This work presents a robust phenomenological model for the Traveling Grate system in an iron ore pellet induration plant on an industrial scale. The system …
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Induration Process of Pellets Prepared from Mixed …
Additionally, additives such as dolomite and hydrated lime are also incorporated into the iron ore concentrate to promote suitable thermal processing of the green pellet "induration process", which increases the mechanical resistance 1,2) and can thus be used as a feed material in the blast furnace and in the direct reduction processes. 3 ...
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Drying and preheating processes of iron ore pellets in a traveling grate
A mathematical model of drying and preheating processes in a traveling grate was presented based on the laws of mass, momentum, heat transfer, and drying semiempirical relations. A field test was systematically carried out in a traveling grate. The effects of pellet diameter, moisture, grate velocity, and inlet gas temperature on the …
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A comparison of the shrinking core model and the grain …
Iron ore pellets are the main feedstock in ironmaking processes. While extensive research has addressed numerical modeling of the iron ore pellet induration process, little effort has been made to describe the intricate thermochemical processes occurring within the reactor starting from the pellet and particularly at the intra-particle …
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Iron Ore Pelletizing Process: An Overview
The iron ore pellet holds a pivotal role in the ironmaking process, enabling the utilization of high-grade ore and the upgrading of …
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Induration of Indian Low Grade Iron Ore Pellets in a Pilot …
Iron ore concentrate of average size less than 100 µm was generated through beneficiation of goethite ore of Bolani iron ore mines. Green pellets of size 9–16 mm were produced in a laboratory disc pelletiser of 1 m diameter using the ore fines of minimum blaine value i.e. degree of fineness of the iron ore of 2000 cm 2 /g with 0.6% …
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Failure Analysis and Improvement Measures of Grate Bars Used in Iron
Iron ore pelletizing is a process in which powdered iron ore along with a certain amount of fluxing materials (5-10%), binder (0.4-0.8%) and solid carbonaceous fuel (such as anthracite coal or coke breeze) are rolled into the spherical bodies having a diameter of 6-16 mm in size (Ref 1).These spherical bodies are then thermally hardened …
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Experimental and numerical investigation of iron ore pellet …
In order to numerically analyze the iron ore pellet induration process, a packed bed model based on coupled CFD-DEM method was presented in this study. ... Mathematical model for a straight grate iron ore pellet induration process of industrial scale. Computational Materials Science, 44 (2) (2008), pp. 296-302. View PDF View …
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Drying and preheating processes of iron ore pellets in a …
positions of iron ore. Nowadays, the technology is widely used in China. In modeling of complete GKC furnaces [1-4]or particu-lar sections [5-6], a lot of pioneers established and devel-oped the drying and preheating process models of iron ore pellets induration. Also, the models of straight-grate have been developed [7-11].
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(PDF) IRON ORE PELLETIZING PROCESS
Iron Ore, Iron Ore Pellets, Direct Reduced Iron )DRI( Pellets, Iron Ore Pellets Market, Pelletizing Process, Sintering, Binder, Induration Technology, Straight Grate, Grate-Rotary kiln The iron ...
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Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in straight-grate …
The latter process that was primarily developed by Lurgi and is currently owned by OutoKumpu Technology, accounts for two thirds of the world's installed pelletizing processes capacity. This study is focused on simulation of pellet induration process in the straight-grate system. 1.1. Description of induration process in …
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Virtual indurator: A tool for simulation of induration of wet iron ore
In order to utilize the mathematical model of straight grate induration process in an easy manner, we have developed a user-friendly interface to input the data and to view the simulation results. ... Optimizing the operation of straight-grate iron-ore pellet induration systems using process models. Metallurgical and Materials …
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A Mathematical Model for Straight-Grate Iron Oxide Pellet Induration
In this work, a mathematical model for the straight-grate pellet induration furnace is presented. The induration furnace is an equipment used for the efficient heat and mass transfer between the pellet bed and the flowing gas. ... "Iron ore pelletizing process: An overview," Iron Ores and Iron Oxide Materials (2018) P. Satyananda, A. …
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Mechanism of magnetite iron ore concentrate morphology …
The induration process using straight-grate, grate-kiln, and vertical shaft kiln systems can be divided into four different stages drying, preheating, firing, and cooling [10], [11]. During the induration process of magnetite iron ore pellets, the magnetite phase converts to hematite, as shown in Eq. (1) [12], [13].
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Iron ore sintering and pellet induration processes
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Iron ore sintering and pellet induration processes" by J. R. Wynnyckyj et al. ... Successive approximate model based multi-objective optimization for an industrial straight grate iron ore induration process using evolutionary algorithm. K. Mitra Sushanta Majumder. Engineering, Computer Science.
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Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in straight-grate …
The latter process that was primarily developed by Lurgi and is currently owned by OutoKumpu Technology, accounts for two thirds of the world's installed pelletizing processes capacity. This study is focused on simulation of pellet induration process in the straight-grate system. Fig. 1 depicts schematic of a typical straight …
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NextGen Pelletizing™
Outotec Traveling Grate Pelletizing The traveling grate indurating process is responsible for two-thirds of the world's installed pelletizing capacity. Outotec offers the industry's leading induration technology for iron ore pellet processing, which is based on over 60 years of experience and world-class R&D. This process ...
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Optimizing the Operation of Straight-Grate Iron-Ore …
There are two predominant forms of the iron-ore pellet second phase of drying (to complement the route of the induration process. The straight-grate process is as indicated primary gas stream). As the primary gas stream leaves the previously. To protect grate bars (upon which the pellets are laid), a hearth layer of fired pellets is used.
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Novel Methodology of Modeling Iron Ore Induration …
Pelletizing is a process of agglomerating iron ore fines into hardened pellets. These fines are initially combined with binding ... Green pellets are loaded onto the hearth layer to form a packed bed of pellets. Straight grate induration machines are typically designed such that pellets pass through updraft-drying (UDD), downdraft-drying (DDD),
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Traveling grate pelletizing
Traveling grate pelletizing Outotec Traveling Grate Pelletizing is the industry's leading induration technology for iron ore pellet processing and is designed for a wide range of plant capacities up to 9.25 million t/a. Based on over 60 years' experience and world-class R&D, our process produces
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Metals refining services Straight Grate Pelletizing Plant …
Outotec provides expert services for the key process areas in iron ore beneficiation and pelletizing plants, as the furnace, pelletizing drums or disks, roller screens, but also mills, flotation cells, thickeners, filters or material handling equipment. Our comprehensive service portfolio is supported by deep technical knowledge, experienced
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Multiobjective Pareto Optimization of an Industrial Straight Grate Iron …
Multiobjective optimization of an industrial straight grate iron ore induration process is carried out in this study using an evolutionary algorithm. A simultaneous maximization of throughput and pellet quality indices like cold compression strength (CCS) and Tumbler index (TI) is adopted for this purpose, which leads to an …
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