Antimony-complexed heavy metal wastewater in antimony …
Similar to many elements, the different chemical species determine the toxicity of antimony, with Sb(III) being significantly more toxic than Sb(V). Antimony mine areas refer to regions with favorable geological conditions for antimony ore extraction. Antimony ores primarily exist in two forms: sulfides and oxides.
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The mineralogy of Antimony
Element association of Antimony in the Mineral World. This table compares the known valid mineral species listed listed with Antimony and the other elements listed based on the …
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Antimony in the metallurgical industry: A review of its …
Aside from antimony ore grade, this decision falls on the mineral's association with other metals, for e.g. lead, copper, iron, mercury, arsenic, silver and gold, as well as other parameters such as ore matrix and type (sulfide or oxide). ... Antimony species, especially oxyanions, have shown to form precipitates in soils with heavy …
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A review on distribution, biogeochemistry of antimony in …
The scarcity of antimony ore resources finds expression in its diverse array of uses, which can be categorized into military use, industrial use, daily life, and drug applications (Krenev et al., 2015).In terms of military application, antimony's significance lies in its utilization for the production of ranging bombs, smoke devices, ammunition …
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A Selective Method for Chemical Extraction of Antimony …
Antimony leaching from tetrahedrite-bearing ores was typically carried out by using Na2S-NaOH solutions. In the current paper, the detail mechanism of antimony leaching from tetrahedrite-rich concentrate via K2S and BaS lixiviants was investigated for the first time. Sample was characterized in terms of chemical, mineralogical, and …
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Antimony
Although the abundance of antimony in the Earth's crust is less than 0.5 parts per million, it forms over a hundred mineral species, many of which are sulfide minerals. In reducing environments with high sulfide concentrations, such as those found in hydrothermal ore deposits, sulfide containing minerals such as stibnite form readily (Sb …
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Risk of Cancer for Workers Exposed to Antimony …
As such, it is present in the atmosphere in very low levels. Workers are a population with particularly high exposure to antimony species. Processes involving antimony mostly include metal mining, smelting, and refining activities.
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Antimony
Antimony (Sb) is a naturally occurring metalloid element. It can exist in a variety of oxidation states (−III, 0, III, V), but is mainly found in two oxidation states (III and V) in environmental, biological and geochemical samples [].The abundance of Sb in the Earth's crust is in the order of 0.2–0.3 mg kg −1 [].The concentration of Sb in soils is …
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The Effect of Culture Conditions on Microbial …
The test soil was obtained from an antimony smelting area in Xihe County, Longnan City, Gansu Province. The smelter was established in 1986 and closed in 2013, mainly engaged in antimony smelting. The alkaline slag produced by smelting, containing high antimony, is stacked in the waste alkali slag stacking area, where the
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Antimony as a global dilemma: Geochemistry, mobility, fate …
Antimony and natural Sb-bearing sulfides were found as early as 4000 BCE. Up to date, a variety of industrial operations such as production of paint pigments, flame retardants, plastics, glassware and ceramics, and alloys in ammunition and battery manufacturing plants extensively utilize Sb; as a result the global consumption of Sb has …
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A review of the environmental chemical behavior, detection …
The antimony tolerance of plants may be closely related to the scavenging system of reactive oxidizing species (ROS) in plants, and the ability of plant cell wall …
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Antimony Mineral Data
Environment: Hydrothermal veins. IMA Status: Valid Species (Pre-IMA) Prehistoric. Locality: Sala Silver Mine, Sala, Västmanland, Sweden. Link to MinDat Location …
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Antimony speciation and contamination of waters in the …
Water samples from Xikuangshan (China), the world largest antimony (Sb) mine with a Sb mining and smelting history of more than 200 years, were analyzed. These water samples ranged from stream water in the vicinity of the mining and smelting area that received seepage from ore residues to the underground mine-pit drainage. The …
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Antimony
Eight-month-old Wistar rats (90 males and 90 females per group) were exposed by inhalation to either ATO (45 mg/m 3 average concentration), or antimony ore concentrate, principally Sb 2 S 3 (36 to 40 mg/m 3 average concentration), for 7 hours/day, 5 days/week, for up to 52 weeks and saced 20 weeks after terminating exposures …
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Antimony accumulation and toxicity tolerance mechanisms in Trifolium
1. Introduction. Stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) and other sulphide minerals, frequently associated with pyrite and arsenopyrite, are main Sb minerals often occurring together with Ag, Au, Hg, Pb and/or Cu in ore deposits (Akçay et al., 2006).Rock weathering, volcanic activity, and sea spray contribute to natural presence of Sb in soils and the atmosphere. …
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Accumulation and transport of antimony and arsenic in …
Environmental context Phytoremediation requires an understanding of bioconcentration and translocation processes that determine behaviour and fate of potentially toxic elements. We studied the distribution of antimony and arsenic in terrestrial and aquatic soil-plant systems in an antimony ore zone. We found that the common …
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1 ANTIMONY
Antimony is rare in the Earth's crust having a (upper) crustal abundance of only 0.4 ppm (Rudnick and Gao, 2003). Antimony is found in over 100 different mineral species, typically in association with elements such as mercury, silver and gold. The principal ore mineral of antimony is stibnite (Sb 2 S 3
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Antimony in the metallurgical industry: A review of its …
The extensive demand for antimony has promoted the massive mining of antimony ore, ... Species sensitivity distribution was used to derive acute and chronic aquatic life criteria for Sb, which ...
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Antimony speciation in the environment: Recent advances in
Introduction. As a toxic element of growing environmental concern, antimony (Sb) is ubiquitous throughout the environment as a result of natural phenomena such as weathering, biological activity, and volcanic activity together with anthropogenic inputs, and it has been considered a priority pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection …
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Simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic antimony species …
Antimony is a common contaminant at abandoned sites for non-ferrous ore mining and processing. Because of the possible risk of antimony by transfer to plants growing on contaminated sites, it is of importance to analyze antimony and its species in such biota. A method based on high performance liqui …
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Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022
In the United States, the leading uses of antimony were as follows: flame retardants, 40%; metal products, including antimonial lead and ammunition, 36%; and nonmetal products, …
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Antimony, a pollutant of emerging concern: A review on …
Quantitative estimation of antimony species necessitates the use of selective separation methods and highly sensitive analytical techniques. Hence, a combination of multiple techniques is employed according to the sample nature. ... according to the ore grade (i.e., antimony content), is used. Low grade sulphide ores …
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Antimony speciation in the environment: Recent advances in
Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid, and its pollution has become a global environmental problem as a result of its extensive use and corresponding Sb-mining …
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Antimony Statistics and Information | U.S. Geological Survey
Over a hundred minerals of antimony are found in nature. Stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) is the predominant ore mineral of antimony. The most important use of antimony metal is as a …
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Antimony Ore Market Report: Production, Companies, …
In 2021, the global antimony ore and concentrate market was finally on the rise to reach $2.3B for the first time since 2018, thus ending a two-year declining trend.
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Toxicological Profile for Antimony and Compounds.
Impure antimony ore and metal are imported into the United States from other countries for processing (USGS 2015). Small amounts of antimony are released into the environment by incinerators and coal-burning power plants (Belzile et al. 2011). ... The predominant trivalent species in the environment is antimony trihydroxide (Sb ...
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HEALTH EFFECTS
Respiratory Endpoints: Antimony is presumed to cause respiratory effects following inhalation exposure based on low evidence in workers exposed to antimony oxides and a high level of evidence in several animal species exposed to antimony xide, antimony trisulfide, and antimony ore. The respiratory effects include irritation of epiglottis …
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Antimony
The only ore reserves noted were those exposed on the ore face during mining. Potential resource of the district is estimated by the U. S. Bureau of Mines at about 5,000 tons of concentrates. Total production of antimony concentrates through 1947, the last year of mining, were estimated by the U. S. Bureau of Mines at 5,390 tons.
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How a gold-stibnite restoration in Idaho could add antimony …
The mineral reserves include 14.2 Mt of high-antimony ore grading 0.42% antimony. The average annual metal production during the first four years of operation is expected to be approximately ...
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